A new and improved version of where I setup the Standard C tool chain for the ATmega328P on the Raspberry Pi, however I use VS Code on my Mac (or Windows) for development and connect via SSH to the Raspberry Pi. This is the easy setup and requires the least amount of tool installation.

Note: This new, “easy” version is due to using Raspberry Pi OS Trixie, which now provides fairly up-to-date tools for the AVR microcontollers. The previous version has been deprecated. Make sure you are on the latest version of Raspberry Pi OS (which as of December 2025 is Trixie).

UPDATED Where I discuss in detail, adding a second serial port to the Uno, soft_serial, and how to use it. New soft serial port has been rewritten in AVR assembly providing much higher speeds.

Introduction#

While I was developing code for a robotic arm, I realized it would be best, if I used one serial port for communicating with the arm and another serial port to accept commands for the arm. Thus I created a second serial port, called soft_serial.

Where I discuss how to improve on the serial input of C and the ATmega328P and adding a second serial port, soft_serial.

Introduction#

In the example serialio_string (code on GitHub or below), I demonstrate the problem with reading text from the serial port. If you use scanf(), it appears to work well, except you can easily over-run the buffer. For example, the program asks for “up to 7 char”, however, it will accept as many as you are willing to type. More than likely, after about 20 characters, the microcontroller will crash.

Where I demonstrate how to use additional tools such as the serial monitor, tio, along with VS Code on your PC to develop code on your Raspberry Pi for the Arduino Uno (ATmega328P).

Introduction#

Even though VS Code has a serial monitor, in fact, in has many serial monitor extensions, I’ve found tio to be the best. The VS Code version has failed to connect too many times, while tio has been rock solid. It also has a nice configuration method and is easy to connect/disconnect.

Where I demonstrate how to use VS Code on your PC to develop code on your Raspberry Pi for the Arduino Uno (ATmega328P).

Introduction#

Now that you have the best setup for developing code for the Arduino Uno, how do you use it?

One program for both#

You will be using VS Code on your computer (Mac or Windows) to interact with the Raspberry Pi. It provides both the code editor as well as the terminal to perform administrative exercises along with CLI applications like a serial monitor (tio).

DEPRECATED As of December 2025, the instructions have been updated for Trixie,. I setup the Standard C tool chain for the ATmega328P on the Raspberry Pi, however I use VS Code on my Mac (or Windows) for development and connect via SSH to the Raspberry Pi.

Note: There is a new, “easy” version is due to using Raspberry Pi OS Trixie, which now provides fairly up-to-date tools for the AVR microcontollers. This “easy” version is shorter and easier than the build method (Version 2 below). For those that wish to build the latest tools, use this version.

Updated: Where I discuss a simplified approach to development automation using make in AVR_C, add the ability to use Arduino tools.

Introduction#

The previous explanation provided the Makefile from Elliot Williams and can be viewed here. I have made several significant changes to the file since:

• moved the device programming setup to env.make at the root folder
• use one Makefile at the root folder then use “include ../../Makefile” in the file makefile, which is in each of the examples in the examples folder
• added a DEPTH variable to each local makefile (the one in the examples folder)
• removed some of the targets to simplify the file
• added additional targets which help explain the make options, including make help
• Added two variables, which allow you to use either the Arduino toolchain or the avr-gcc toolchain, OS and TOOLCHAIN

Here are detailed instructions as to how to use make, the Makefile and env.make to configure and execute your development process.

Where I use examples from “The C Programming Language”, Kernighan & Ritchie, to demonstrate string copies, using pointers and how to check for buffer overflows.

Introduction#

I find it very helpful to periodically review/read “The C Programming Language”, Kernighan and Ritchie (K&R). In this past review, I ran across some examples provided on pages 105-6 (Second Edition) as to using pointers to copy strings. There were 4 examples provided, with the last commented as “the idiom should be mastered”, which is an implication of “this is a programming best practice”. Perhaps, for the code in question is quite simple and extremely powerful, that said, it leads to the issue of buffer overflows, for which I provide a mechanism to resolve.

Where I demonstrate how to reload Optiboot on an ATmega328P (Arduino Uno) and reload the Catarina bootloader on to an ItsyBitsy 32U4 board as well.

Introduction#

Sometimes a board’s bootloader can become corrupted or you have consciously overwritten the bootloader (See Forth on this site), and you want to reload it. This page demonstrates how to do this with the ATmega328P (Uno) and board with the AVR 32U4 (Adafruit ItsyBitsy 32U4). It also discusses the different bootloaders available for the 32U4.

Notes and entries on using the Arduino ecosystem across the Uno, 32U4 and RP2040.

Entries#

1. Arduino: Reloading Bootloaders on the Uno and the 32U4
2. Using Arduino on the RP2040: Notes
3. Using Arduino on the RP2040: I2C
4. PinTest